Wireless

When viewed as a method of data transport, wireless technology appears very similar to wired technology. You have a piece of hardware, a method of transmission, and connections on both ends that transform data from human-intelligible to transportable and back. For both wired and wireless technology, the range of transmission is an issue. You can't move your laptop 15 feet from the wall jack when depending on a 10-foot cable. Similarly, you can't go out for a jog and expect your in-home cordless phone to keep a connection five miles away from its receiver. But if you get either a 20-foot cable or a wireless connector of sufficient power, you can move your laptop 15 feet away from the wall jack; and if you get a cellular phone, you can go jogging five miles away from your house and still take calls (as long as your service provider has a reasonable antenna set up).


The methods of connection and ranges of service available vary in wireless technology just as they do in wired technology. Home telephones with a wireless handset have a more limited range than cellular phones; infrared transmissions have a more limited range than radio-wave (including microwave) transmissions. Different types of wireless solutions can communicate ten feet, ten miles, or with a satellite in orbit.

For More Information

The links below provide some basic information on wireless technology.

http://search.about.com/

Search for wireless + networking on search.about.com for an extensive list of links to information.

http://www.cites.uiuc.edu/wireless/

Amazing physics

How to teach Physics to the kids? An Indonesian IT company has proposed a series of amazing tools for it. The Amazing Software will motivate your kids to learn science in computers and help them discover the joy in learning.

The-so-called Amazing Physics, which was designed and created by a team of PT Pesona Edukasi, has been developed based on a system of chapters and topics as a tool box approach. "There is no specific curriculum orientation approach but we consider the International Curriculum such as GCSE and IB," stated Hary Sudiyono, team leader and the company's president director.

Attending an international ICT competition, the software displayed domination in the national event of APICTA (Asia Pacific ICT Award) Indonesia last month. It won both the Winner in the Education and Training categories and the Best of the Best among 84 participants from all categories.

Consequently, Amazing Software will represent Indonesia in the APICTA International in Macau this coming November 2-5. APICTA is an international awards program initiated by the Multimedia Development Corporation of Malaysia to increase ICT awareness in the community and assist in bridging the digital divide.

Participants of the Awards Program comprise members of the APICTA Network. Its 16 member economies include Australia, Brunei, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, South Korea, Macau, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Vietnam.

According to Sudiyono, based on research using questionnaires and classroom observations with teachers and students as respondents, there are some advantages in using this software. For students, it can help them to improve their understanding of Physics and Math concepts and motivate them to learn.

This software helps teachers to prepare lesson plans or unit lessons and allocated time for teaching is more effectively used. It is also easier to get student participation in classroom teaching--learning activities and avoiding misconceptions in understanding Physics and Mathematics concepts and principles.

The earlier version of the software was firstly launched in April 2001. The latest version, which is enhanced by an English version, launched last year. According to Sudiyono, a long period of research has resulted in very high-quality products. "Our product superiority can be seen by comparing it with similar products from the UK, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, the US, Poland, etc," he explained.

"We are proud to announce that Indonesian National Television TVRI brought our software for a weekly edutainment TV program since January 2004 till now, every Saturday 7pm-6pm local time," he revealed.

Gregory A. Spechalske, science teacher at the Jakarta International School, said he was very impressed with the high quality of Amazing Physics. "The graphics are spectacular, the navigation is intuitive and the conceptual content of this program is appropriate and relevant. As a classroom teaching tool, Amazing Physics is one of the best software I've seen."

No less the 1996 Nobel Physics Prize laureate Douglas Dean Osheroff who admired and marveled at this software. "He just bought one," said Sudiyono proudly.

Perhaps this toolkit could help Indonesia, as well as other developing countries, prepare its young generation to be the next Nobel Prize laureates. Who knows?

Download :

* Indonesian OpenBSD.

Siswa SMP

10 PRINT “HELLO WORLD”
20 END

Siswa SMA

program Hello(input, output)
begin
writeln(’Hello World.’)
end.



Mahasiswa

#include

int main()
{
char *message = “Hello, World”;
printf(”%s\n”, message);
}

Programmer

#include
#include

class string
{
private:
int size;
char *ptr;
public:
string() : size(0), ptr(new char(”)) {}
string(const string &s) : size(s.size)
{
ptr = new char[size + 1];
strcpy(ptr, s.ptr);
}
~string()
{
delete [] ptr;
}
friend ostream &operator <<(ostream &, const string &);
string &operator=(const char *);
};
ostream &operator<<(ostream &stream, const string &s)
{
return(stream << s.ptr);
}
string &string::operator=(const char *chrs)
{
if (this != &chrs)
{
delete [] ptr;
size = strlen(chrs);
ptr = new char[size + 1];
strcpy(ptr, chrs);
}
return(*this);
}
int main()
{
string str;
str = “Hello World”;
cout << str << endl;
return(0);
}

Hacker

#!/usr/local/bin/perl
$msg=”Hello, world.\n”;
if ($#ARGV >= 0) {
while(defined($arg=shift(@ARGV))) {
$outfilename = $arg;
open(FILE, “>” . $outfilename) || die “Can’t write $arg: $!\n”;
print (FILE $msg);
close(FILE) || die “Can’t close $arg: $!\n”;
}
} else {
print ($msg);
}
1;

Minimalis

% cat
Hello, world.

Manager

Andi, tolong buatkan program “Hello, world.” lengkap dengan kebutuhan budget dan jadwal pelaksanaan. Akan dipakai untuk performance review minggu depan.

Senior Manager

Buat prg “Hello world” asap.

Chief Executive

(klik)
(klik)
(klik)
(logout)

The details of about 500,000 online bank accounts and credit and debit cards have been stolen by a virus described as "one of the most advanced pieces of crimeware ever created".

The Sinowal trojan has been tracked by RSA, which helps to secure networks in Fortune 500 companies.

RSA said the trojan virus has infected computers all over the planet.

"The effect has been really global with over 2000 domains compromised," said Sean Brady of RSA's security division.

He told the BBC: "This is a serious incident on a very noticeable scale and we have seen an increase in the number of trojans and their variants, particularly in the States and Canada."

The RSA's Fraud Action Research Lab said it first detected the Windows Sinowal trojan in Feb 2006.

Since then, Mr Brady said, more than 270,000 banking accounts and 240,000 credit and debit cards have been compromised from financial institutions in countries including the US, UK, Australia and Poland.

The lab said no Russian accounts were hit by Sinowal.

"Drive-by downloads"

RSA described the Sinowal as "one of the most serious threats to anyone with an internet connection" because it works behind the scenes using a common infection method known as "drive-by downloads"."
sinowal trojan graph from rsa lab
Sinowal has been constantly updated with new variants

Users can get infected without knowing if they visit a website that has been booby-trapped with the Sinowal malicious code.

Mr Brady said the worrying aspect about Sinowal, which is also known as Torpig and Mebroot, is that it has been operating for so long.

"One of the key points of interest about this particular trojan is that it has existed for two and a half years quietly collecting information," he said. "Any IT professional will tell you it costs a lot to maintain and to store the information it is gathering.

"The group behind it have made sure to invest in the infrastructure no doubt because the return and the potential return is so great."

RSA's researchers said the trojan's creators periodically release new variants to ensure it stays ahead of detection and maintain "its uninterrupted grip on infected computers."

While RSA's lab has been tracking the trojan since 2006, Mr Brady admitted that they know a lot about its design and infrastructure but little about who is behind Sinowal.

"There is a lot of talk about where it comes from and anecdotal evidence points to Russia and Eastern Europe. Historically there have been connections with an online gang connected to the Russian Business Network but in reality no one knows for sure."

That he said is because the group is able to use the web to cloak its identity.

Infection

In April 2007, researchers at Google discovered hundreds of thousands of web pages that initiated drive-by downloads. It estimated that one in ten of the 4.5 million pages it analysed were suspect.

Sophos researchers reported in 2008 it was finding more than 6,000 newly infected web pages every day, or about one every 14 seconds.
Debit card and cash
Since May, Sinowal has compromised over 100,000 online bank accounts

RSA's fraud action team said it noticed a spike in attacks from March through to September this year.

That is backed up by another online security company called Fortinet. It said from July 2008 to September 2008 the number of reported attacks rose from 10m to 30m. This included trojans, viruses, malware, phishing and mass mailings.

"The explosion in the number of attacks is alarming," said Derek Manky of Fortinet.

"But trojans are just one of the players in the game wreaking havoc in cyberspace."

Remedies

While attacks are on the increase, there are some simple steps that users can take to protect their information besides using security software.

"We have a saying here which is 'think before you link,'" said Mr Manky.

"That just means observe where you are going on the web. Be wary of clicking on anything in a high traffic site like social networks.

"A lot of traffic in the eyes of cyber criminals means these sites are a target because to these people more traffic means more money," he said.
sinowal trojan raph from rsa lab
The rate at which Sinowal has been compromising online bank accounts

RSA also urged users to be wary if their bank started asking for different forms of authentication such as a social security number or other details.

"People think not clicking on a pop up or an attachment means they are safe. What people don't realise now is that just visiting a website is good enough to infect them."

RSA said it is co-operating with banks and financial institutions the world over to tell them about Sinowal. It has passed information about the virus to law enforcement agencies.